The rules of chess, as governed by the FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), can be classified into several main categories:

1. Basic Rules

• • The Board and Pieces: Description of the chessboard and the initial setup of the pieces.
  • Movement of Pieces: How each piece moves (king, queen, rook, bishop, knight, and pawn).
  • Castling: The rules governing castling (both kingside and queenside).
  • Pawn Promotion: The process and rules for promoting a pawn.
  • En Passant: The specific rule for capturing a pawn en passant.

2. Gameplay Rules

• • Turns: How players alternate turns.
  • Touch-Move Rule: Once a piece is touched, it must be moved if possible.
  • Illegal Moves: How to handle and correct illegal moves.
  • Draws: Various ways a game can end in a draw (stalemate, threefold repetition, fifty-move rule, insufficient mating material, mutual agreement).

3. Timing Rules

• • Use of Chess Clock: Proper use of the chess clock and time controls.
  • Time Control Variants: Different types of time controls (blitz, rapid, classical).
  • Time Violations: Consequences of running out of time.

4. Tournament Rules

• • Player Conduct: Expected behavior of players during a tournament.
  • Use of Electronic Devices: Restrictions on electronic devices during play.
  • Appeals and Disputes: Process for handling disputes and appealing decisions.
  • Pairings and Scoring: How players are paired and how games are scored in a tournament.

5. Special Rules

• • Blind and Disabled Players: Adaptations for blind and disabled players.
  • Cheating: Rules and consequences for cheating.

6. Arbitration and Enforcement

• • Role of the Arbiter: Duties and authority of the arbiter.
  • Penalties: Penalties for infractions of the rules.

7. Amendments and Updates

• • Latest Rule Updates: FIDE.